Strategies for Prevention of Spinal-associated Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery: Are We Paying Attention?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(Can J Anaesth 2017;64:991–996) Spinal anesthesia (SA)-induced hypotension is a common complication during cesarean delivery (CD) and can cause a wide range of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes if untreated. Moore et al’s clinical trial aimed at assessing the median seated time to prevent hypotension in 50% of parturients undergoing elective CD after SA using an up-down sequential methodology. The participants were randomized to receive either 11.25 or 15 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine along with fentanyl 15 µg and morphine 150 µg. It was noted that the median seated time in the 11.25 mg bupivacaine group was a little more than 2 minutes whereas in the 15 mg bupivacaine group the median seated time was approximately 8 minutes, suggesting that extended seated time after SA could prevent hypotension in CD. Further studies elucidating the association of extended seated time and hypotension are essential to design effective prevention strategies for hypotension in CD. The current study was only powered to detect the intervention that prevented hypotension in 50% of patients, which questions its clinical relevance. Disadvantages of the prolonged seated strategy include a delay in surgical start time, reduced operating room efficiency, and shorter duration of anesthesia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".