Predominant Contribution of Superior Rectus–Levator Complex Enlargement to Optic Neuropathy and Inferior Visual Field Defects in Thyroid Eye Disease
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare extraocular muscle volumes in thyroid eye disease patients with and without compressive optic neuropathy. METHODS: A retrospective review of 44 orbital CT scans (28 orbits without compressive disease and 16 orbits with compressive optic neuropathy) was conducted. The extraocular muscle volumes, summated soft tissue volumes, and optic nerve volumes were calculated at a section in the posterior 1/3 of the orbit. The visual fields of the orbits with compressive optic neuropathy were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean combined extraocular muscle/summated soft tissue volume ratio and the mean superior rectus-levator complex/summated soft tissue volume ratio were greater in those with compressive optic neuropathy than in those without compressive optic neuropathy (p = 0.02, 0.008, respectively). The ratio of the mean inferior, medial, or lateral rectus/summated soft tissue volume did not differ significantly between patients with or without compressive optic neuropathy (p values of 0.315, 0.615, and 0.254, respectively). Visual field analysis of the compressive optic neuropathy group demonstrated that 58% of the orbits with visual field defects had inferior field defects. CONCLUSIONS: When measured at a section near the orbital apex, the mean combined muscle/summated soft tissue volume ratio and the mean superior rectus-levator complex/summated soft tissue volume ratio are greater in those with compressive disease than those without. This suggests that the specific enlargement of the superior rectus-levator complex makes a significant contribution to thyroid eye disease-compressive optic neuropathy and may explain the inferior visual field deficits classically found in this group of patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it