Diurnal Physical Activity Patterns in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced physical activity (PA) levels compared with healthy controls. The pattern of their PA level during the day is much less documented. A better understanding of these diurnal PA patterns could help optimize interventions targeting PA levels in this population. The aim of this study was to examine, in patients with COPD, diurnal PA patterns using accelerometer data and different approaches to data handling (arbitrary, mealtime, equal tertiles). METHODS: Fourteen COPD patients (aged 71 ± 9 yr; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]: 58% ± 13% predicted) completed the study. Daily PA was assessed via accelerometry for 7 d, 24 hr/d. Diurnal PA patterns were evaluated using an arbitrary (08:00-12:00, 12:01-16:00, 16:01-20:00), mealtime (wake time-lunchtime, lunchtime-suppertime, suppertime-bedtime), and equal tertiles (tertiles 1, 2, and 3) approaches. Results were interpreted on the basis of descriptive statistics and effect sizes (Cohen f) for time-of-day changes in PA. RESULTS: Regardless of the handling approach used, mean PA levels decreased in the evening and the effect size for time-of-day changes in PA level was large (f = 0.97; 1.82; and 1.66 for the arbitrary, mealtimes, and tertiles approaches, respectively). The observation of a decrease in the evening was highly homogeneous across our sample, particularly with the mealtime and equal tertiles handling approach. CONCLUSION: Results from this study support prior findings that PA levels decrease substantially in the evening in patients with COPD, thereby providing a better understanding of within-day PA behavior and offering valuable insight into interventions targeting PA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".