P3806The cardiac hemodynamic effects of yoga and it's constituent parts as an adjunct to standard cardiac rehabilitation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Hypertension increases the risk of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal failure and stroke. Recent research has suggested that yoga has the potential to lower blood pressure (BP). Yoga is an exercise that involves deep breathing, relaxation and stretching exercises. Comparative studies of yoga versus its constituent parts; deep breathing, relaxation and stretching on HR, Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and BP are lacking. Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers were recruited from a cardiovascular prevention center. BP and HR were measured using 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitors at baseline and at three months. Individuals were randomized equally into a relaxation group, a stretching group, a deep breathing group and a yoga group who were taught their respective routines by the same cardiovascular kinesiologist. Participants were instructed to perform their prescribed 15-minute routine five times per week, twice of which were on site in a guided class. Results: There were no significant differences at baseline. There was no significant difference between baseline and after the 3-month intervention in the quiet relaxation group. The stretching group had a 4.5% (p<0.0001) reduction in systolic BP and saw similar reductions in diastolic BP, PP, MAP and HR. In the deep breathing group, it was found that after the intervention there was a 7.1% reduction in systolic BP (p<0.0001). Similar changes were found for diastolic BP, PP, MAP and HR. The yoga group was found to reduce systolic BP by 9.7% (p<0.0001) significantly more than stretching or relaxation groups but had no significant difference in comparison to deep breathing after the 3-month intervention. Similar results were found for diastolic BP, PP, MAP and HR. Conclusions: Quiet relaxation had minimal effects on all hemodynamic parameters assessed; deep breathing, stretching and yoga appeared to reduce BP, PP, MAP and HR. Yoga appeared to have significantly greater reductions than stretching and relaxation but had similar reductions as deep breathing. This suggests that deep breathing exercise may be a significant contributor to the anti-hypertensive benefits of yoga.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".