Renewable Biomass-Derived Coke with Texture Suitable for Aluminum Smelting Anodes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Industrial producers of calcined petroleum coke encounter issues pertaining to product quality and environmental ramifications. While previous attempts to produce biorenewable versions of calcined coke address CO2 footprint, sulfur, and metals poisoning, none have demonstrated a sufficient degree of anisotropy, which is critical for performance in aluminum smelting anodes. Using fast pyrolysis of biomass, we produced bio-oils of sufficient quality whereby coke can be formed through distilling off the volatiles. Tail-gas reactive pyrolysis (TGRP) produced bio-oils with low oxygen content, low viscosity, and high polyaromatic content, all of which are critical for alignment of coke precursors. Distillations at controlled rates and temperatures ensured the alignment of polyaromatic domains leading to coke anisotropy. Bio-oils with oxygen content below 16 wt % successfully produced coke with mixtures of isotropic and anisotropic domains. In coprocessing experiments, mixtures of pyrolysis bio-oil and green petroleum coke coked under similar conditions to produce highly anisotropic textures, although degrees of discontinuity exist within merged particles. When baked with coal tar pitch as an additive, calcined biocokes exhibited resistivity values of 100–200 μΩ·m, which correlated well with the calcination time at 1200 °C.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it