SITE RESPONSE, BASIN EFFECTS, AND ATTENUATION IN THE PUGET LOWLAND, WASHINGTON STATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Site response, basin amplification, and attenuation within the Puget Lowland, in the Cascade forearc of Washington State, have been measured using large temporary deployments of seismometers during three Seattle Seismic Hazard Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiments, and the permanent strong-motion network. Horizontal-component recordings of shear waves from teleseisms and local earthquakes were used to compute spectral ratios with respect to the average of several bedrock sites. Results show amplifications of 0.3 to 0.8 Hz seismic waves by factors of 6 to 12 at sites over the deep Seattle sedimentary basin (>2.5 km of sedimentary strata), with the peak amplification being at about 0.3 Hz. All sites in the central Puget Lowland are amplified significantly, however, which indicates that the deposits in the upper 2.5 km extending beyond the margins of the deep basin are responsible for much of the amplification. The deep basin itself appears to amplify waves by factors of up to 2 in the 0.05 to 0.2 Hz frequency range, which is consistent with resonance in the deep strata. The horizontal to vertical ratios and crosscorrelations of arrivals at adjacent stations on the basin are consistent with the presence of scattered body-wave energy and Rayleigh waves in the later portions of the long-period signal. Estimates of the shear-wave attenuation factors (Qs) between 2 to 20 Hz increase from 5 to 40 for shallow sedimentary deposits to about 250 for the deep sedimentary strata (7 km depth).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".