Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt-ZrO2/C during the Alcohol Crossover in Experimental Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pt–ZrO2/C composite was synthesized by chemical reduction process. ZrO2 precursor was obtained by sol-gel at room temperature. The synthesis allowed the formation of Pt-ZrO2/C nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The electrochemical experiments were carried out for investigating the electro-catalytic properties of the synthesized composite to promote the cathodic reaction in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC). The results indicated that Pt-ZrO2/C showed more tolerance than Pt/C based electrocatalyst to the presence of methanol or ethanol (due to alcohol crossover) during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in direct alcohol fuel cells. The experimental results indicated that the ORR on Pt-ZrO2/C composite was predominant by the four electron transfer mechanism and first order reaction. The Pt-ZrO2/C based electrocatalyst showed adequate performance to carry out the ORR in experimental direct alcohol fuel cells operating at room temperature. The results revealed that Pt-ZrO2/C composite could be considered as a suitable candidate for reducing oxygen on the cathode of experimental DAFCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".