Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article represente une selection editoriale de cinq decisions d’interet rendues en 2017 par les tribunaux canadiens en matiere de marques de commerce abordees en ordre chronologique. Elles fournissent un eclairage utile sur les meilleures pratiques a adopter dans certains contextes, tout en illustrant la panoplie des outils a disposition des detenteurs de marques de commerce pour faire valoir leurs droits, et ce, en presence de marques enregistrees ou non. A cet egard, 2017 marque une certaine tendance aux recours en commercialisation trompeuse (passing-off) au titre des pratiques de concurrence deloyale. La variete de ces decisions est une illustration frappante de la diversite des problematiques juridiques soulevees par les marques de commerce, dans un environnement en constante evolution ou certains enjeux gagnent en importance : arrangement visuel et habillage commercial de produits (trade dress), referencement publicitaire en ligne, slogan publicitaire, ou encore modernisation de l’image de marque (re-branding). Il sera aussi interessant de suivre les developpements a venir ayant trait aux exigences relatives a l’emploi des marques de commerce, ainsi qu’a l’extension de la definition de marque de commerce, a l’aune des modifications a la LMC dont l’entree en vigueur est prevue pour debut 2019. This article represents an editorial selection of five 2017 Canadian court decisions in chronological order. They provide useful insights on best practices to be adopted in certain contexts, while illustrating the range of tools available to trademark holders to assert their rights, in the presence of registered or unregistered trademarks. In this regard, 2017 marks a certain trend towards the use of misleading marketing as unfair competition practices. 458 Les Cahiers de propriete intellectuelle The variety of these decisions is a striking illustration of the diversity of issues and advances that trademarks raise, in a constantly changing environment where certain elements are gaining importance: visual arrangement and product line marketing, advertising slogan, or further modernization of the brand image. It is interesting to follow the upcoming developments regarding parental requirements for the use of trademarks, the extension of the trademark definition, as well as the changes to the CMA that force is scheduled for early 2019.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.028 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".