Surface Energy Characteristics of Polytetrafluoroethylene Bombarded with MeV Protons
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Energy characteristics of the irradiated surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene film depend on the energy and fluence of bombarding MeV protons. Irradiation with 2–4 MeV protons leads to an increase in the surface free energy; 4 MeV protons at a fluence of 10 15 proton/cm 2 increase the polarity of the polymer surface by 40 times due to the appearance of functional groups, the polarity enhancement being manifested in an increase in the acid–base component of the surface energy by more than a factor of 50. There is a correlation between the dispersion component of the surface energy and the degree of crystallinity of the near-surface layer of the polymer a period. They both grow symbatically in the case of bombardment with 1–2 MeV protons and decrease upon irradiation with 4 MeV protons. It has been found that dehydrofluorination results in carbonization of the irradiated surface, a decrease in the fluorine content, and an increase in the proportion of oxygen due to oxidation of the radicals generated by proton bombardment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it