C. P. Kurtzman's evolving concepts of species, genus and higher categories
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cletus P. Kurtzman transformed the way yeast systematists practice their trade and how they perceive the yeast species. He redefined many genera of ascomycetous yeasts and provided a sound basis upon which to base higher taxonomic categories. Within his extraordinary corpus lies a trail of elements that can be used to reconstruct his evolving vision of the concepts that underlie the species and the genus, rarely set in a theoretical framework. While occasionally tipping his hat to the biological and phylogenetic species, Kurtzman espoused a concept founded primarily on genetic distance, even when claiming otherwise. In contrast, his notion of genus incorporated components of both genetic distance and phylogenetic structure, and possibly a size consideration. A phylogenetic approach predominated with higher taxa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.017 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".