Methodological review and meta‐analysis of dilution assays for estimates of virus‐ and grazer‐mediated phytoplankton mortality
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This manuscript reviews methodological differences among modified dilution assay studies used to partition phytoplankton mortality into virus‐ and grazer‐mediated fractions, and discusses their implications. A meta‐analysis is also described, based on virus‐ and grazer‐mediated mortality and instantaneous growth rates extracted from these studies. As the α value used to assess the significance of these rates was not consistent across studies, metadata was re‐analyzed (i.e., rates were re‐calculated) using three levels of significance: α = 0.05, α = 0.1, and α ‐not‐considered. The average virus‐mediated mortality rate observed for each re‐analysis was 0.04 d −1 , 0.10 d −1 , and 0.08 d −1 , respectively. Further, 80%, 74%, and 56% of virus‐mediated mortality rates were between −0.1 d −1 and 0.1 d −1 . Power analysis was used to demonstrate that typical modified dilution assays lack the sensitivity to consistently detect small virus‐mediated mortality rates, and shows how dilution scheme modifications can affect power. Rates of virus‐mediated mortality were also discriminated based on salinity, depth, use of nutrient amendments, and choice of technique for estimating apparent growth rates. For all three re‐analyses, a significant positive correlation was observed between virus‐mediated mortality (d −1 ) and instantaneous growth rate (d −1 ) (Pearson r = 0.72, 0.74, 0.32, all p values < 0.01), suggesting that virally mediated mortality is intimately linked to host growth. This manuscript highlights the need for greater standardization in the analysis and presentation of information when using the modified dilution approach for estimating phytoplankton mortality, and provides recommendations for the application of future assays.
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Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Metaresearch Domain: Methods · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Meta-analysis | high |
| gpt | MetaresearchMeta-epidemiology (narrow)Meta-epidemiology (broad) Domain: Methods · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Meta-analysis | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it