Isotopic response of run‐off to forest disturbance in small mountain catchments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Stable water isotopes were applied to trace hydrological processes in an undisturbed (mature spruce forest) and a nearby disturbed (deforested from a bark beetle outbreak) lake catchments in the Czech Republic. Both catchments are situated above 1,000 m a.s.l. within the Šumava National Park and have similar environmental conditions. The isotopic compositions of precipitation, creeks, springs, and lakes were sampled at 3‐week intervals over one hydrological year. Water inputs to catchments were derived from isotopically similar local precipitation, whereas run‐off was found to have different isotopic signatures. Creeks in the undisturbed catchment had ~1‰ and ~7‰ higher δ18O and δ2H with ~2‰ lower d‐excess than in the disturbed catchment. The d‐excess in creeks of the undisturbed catchment was more pronounced, particularly during snowmelt, and highly heterogeneous as compared with the disturbed catchment. Creeks in the undisturbed catchment were mainly fed by precipitation during the warm period (May–October), whereas creeks in the disturbed catchment were mostly fed by precipitation during the cold period (November–April). Estimated mean transit times of creeks and springs were ~6 months, except for two creeks in the undisturbed catchment, which had residence times of ~1 year. Although evaporation and transpiration fluxes were apparently reduced in the disturbed catchment, transpiration ratios were similar for both catchments. The difference in isotope signatures between catchments was attributed to the altered role of the forest canopy in temporal water distribution, which produced changes in the water cycle, potentially influencing important biogeochemical processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".