210Low Vitamin B12 and High Folate Status - Cause for Concern? Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Recent data suggest that an imbalance of low vitamin B12 (B12) and high folate status may be associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. However, few studies have examined this interaction in representative cohorts. We therefore, examined the relationship between interactions of vitamins B12 and folate with global cognition in older Irish adults Methods: Data from Wave 1 of TILDA, a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 (n = 8,175) were used. Blood samples were analysed for plasma B12 and folate and were classified into four profiles on the basis of B12 (<or ≥258 pmol/L) and folate concentrations (≤ or >45.3 nmol/L). Global cognition was examined using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Those without both MMSE and MoCA measurements and B12 and folate were excluded (final sample n = 3,872). Multiple regression analyses examined relationships of each B12:folate profile with MMSE and MoCA, controlling for known covariates. Results: The mean (SD) age was 61.8 years (8.8), 51.0% were female. The estimated prevalence of Profile 1 ‘normal B12/normal folate’ (B12≥258pmol/L, folate≤45.3 nmol/L) was 62.0% [60.2,64.0]; Profile 2 ‘normal B12/high folate’ (B12≥258 pmol/L, folate > 45.3 nmol/L) was 7.6% [6.6,8.8]; Profile 3 ‘low B12/high folate’ (B12 < 258 pmol/L, folate > 45.3 nmol/L) was 1.5% [1.1,2.0] and Profile 4 ‘low B12/normal folate’ (B12 < 258 pmol/L, folate≤45.3 nmol/L) was 28.9% [27.3,31.0]. Relative to Profile 1, Profile 3 was not associated with a significant increase in error rates for either MMSE (0.88 [0.64,1.21] IRR [95% CI]; P = 0.429) or MoCA (0.90 [0.79,1.02]; P = 0.089). Conclusion: Low B12 and high folate status was not associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. These findings may have important implications for policy recommendations in Ireland, where a voluntary folic acid fortification programme is in place.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".