Soil-Pile-Quay Wall System with Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading: Experimental Investigation, Numerical Simulation, and Global Sensitivity Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extensive damage to offshore and port structures supported on piles behind a quay wall has been frequently reported as a result of soil liquefaction and lateral spreading in earthquakes. This study aims to explore the dynamic behavior of a soil-pile-quay wall (SPQW) system subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading in terms of experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and global sensitivity analysis (GSA). A large-scale (1g) shake-table experiment on a SPQW system is presented in detail, including sensor arrangement, model configuration, and experimental results. Typical liquefaction phenomena, such as sand boils and ground settlement, were observed during the test. The shake-table experiment results were used to validate a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite-element (FE) model developed for dynamic analysis of a fully coupled soil-water system. This FE model accounts for the interactions of the soil, pile, and quay wall through explicitly modeling them as an integrated system. Based on the validated FE model, a GSA was performed to further investigate how variations in system properties influence the dynamic responses of the SPQW system. The GSA with high computational efficiency was implemented using the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) surrogate model, and the GSA results indicate the relative importance of modeling parameters, which provides insightful information about the system behavior. The presented work provides useful guidance on experimental and numerical simulations of typical SPQW system.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".