Assessing the Effects of Stocking Density on Turkey Tom Health and Welfare to 16 Weeks of Age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Four levels of turkey tom SD (30, 40, 50, and 60 kg/m2) were evaluated in two 16 week trials (n=2,868 Nicholas Select). Poults were allocated to one of eight large independently ventilated rooms per trial (6.71 x 10.06 m) based on final predicted body weight. Room temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration were recorded throughout the trial; ventilation was adjusted to equalize air quality across treatments. Mobility (gait score, scale 0-5) was recorded at 12 and 16 weeks (20 birds per replicate). Footpad lesion score (scale 0-4), feather condition (scale 1-4) and cleanliness scores (scale 1-4) were recorded at 10 (Trial 2 only), 12, and 16 weeks of age (20 birds per replicate). Aggressive injury incidence was recorded daily for Trial 2 only. Stress (heterophil/lymphocyte ratio) was evaluated at 4, 12, and 16 weeks of age (15 birds per replicate). Behaviour was recorded and scan sampled (field of view) at 12 (Trial 1 only), 14, and 16 weeks. Data were analyzed using regression analysis (linear, Proc Reg; quadratic, Proc RSReg) for relationships between the variables and SD. Differences were considered significant when p≤0.05. Mobility and footpad lesions were unaffected at 12 weeks of age, but negatively affected by increasing SD (linear) at 16 weeks. Feather condition and cleanliness decreased linearly as SD increased at week 10, 12, and 16. The incidence of aggressive damage was significantly higher as SD increased during week 4-8 (quadratic). Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios increased linearly at 4 weeks and followed the same trend at 12 weeks. Behaviour was impacted at 12 weeks of age with standing behaviour showing a quadratic response, and walking and total disturbance showing a linear decrease as SD increased. At 14 weeks of age resting, preening, and comfort behaviours demonstrated a linear increase, while walking and strutting decreased linearly with increasing SD. Finally, at 16 weeks of age resting, standing, walking, feeding, and total disturbance responded quadratically while preening behaviour increased linearly with increasing SD. These results suggest that increasing SD negatively impacts bird health and wellbeing through decreased mobility, increased footpad lesions, poorer feather condition and cleanliness, and changes in behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".