Macroporous silicon formation by electrochemical anodization of n-type silicon without illumination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work reports the electrochemical anodization of low-doped n-type silicon in aqueous hydrofluoride (HF) solution without the use of external illumination to generate macroporous silicon with a thin mesoporous transition layer. We have shown that pore formation during the electrochemical anodization of low-doped n-Si in the dark is due to the avalanche breakdown mechanism. Studies of dissolution valence revealed a competition between divalent direct and tetravalent indirect dissolution processes. The effect of pore morphology on anodization parameters such as applied potential, HF concentration, and anodization time was systematically investigated. The fabricated porous silicon has well-separated and straight macropores of pore diameters ranging from 89 ± 9 to 285 ± 28 nm and with limited branching or interconnectivity. Pore diameter uniformity is maintained throughout the porous layer. XRD and Raman spectroscopy have shown that the porous Si fabricated here is highly crystalline, retaining its original crystallinity. The fabricated porous Si presented in this work with tunable pore sizes, depths, and surface features can have potential applications in various fields of microelectronics, photonics, and sensors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".