Macroporous silicon formation by electrochemical anodization of n-type silicon without illumination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work reports the electrochemical anodization of low-doped n-type silicon in aqueous hydrofluoride (HF) solution without the use of external illumination to generate macroporous silicon with a thin mesoporous transition layer. We have shown that pore formation during the electrochemical anodization of low-doped n-Si in the dark is due to the avalanche breakdown mechanism. Studies of dissolution valence revealed a competition between divalent direct and tetravalent indirect dissolution processes. The effect of pore morphology on anodization parameters such as applied potential, HF concentration, and anodization time was systematically investigated. The fabricated porous silicon has well-separated and straight macropores of pore diameters ranging from 89 ± 9 to 285 ± 28 nm and with limited branching or interconnectivity. Pore diameter uniformity is maintained throughout the porous layer. XRD and Raman spectroscopy have shown that the porous Si fabricated here is highly crystalline, retaining its original crystallinity. The fabricated porous Si presented in this work with tunable pore sizes, depths, and surface features can have potential applications in various fields of microelectronics, photonics, and sensors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".