Effect of Biaxial Stretching Temperature and Gas Diffusion Expansion on Cellular Morphology of PP/CaCO <sub>3</sub> and PP/talc Cellular Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the stretching temperature on the morphology of cellular polypropylene (PP) films, a series of PP films filled with spherical particles of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and platy talc particles with weight concentrations varying from 15 to 35 wt% were prepared by twin-screw extrusion then biaxially stretched at three temperatures (152, 155 and 158°C). Their corresponding cellular morphology was analyzed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. It was shown that film stretching at the lower temperature (152°C) led to delamination of PP/CaCO 3 or PP/talc interface, while it was not the case when these films were stretched at 158°C. It was also observed that, when films were stretched at 152°C, their corresponding developed cells had an average cell wall thickness t of around 3.6 μm, an average cell height b of around 13.6 μm, and an average cell aspect ratio a/b of around 5.6, where a (mm) is the average cell width. These values were within the aimed cell geometrical specifications needed for cellular piezoelectric films.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".