Biomass Recovery Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Quantification Following UV Disinfection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A biomass recovery method was developed to monitor UV disinfection efficacy using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Typically, disinfection monitoring at wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) involves quantifying fecal and total coliforms or colony forming units, the results of which take a minimum of 24 h to produce. ATP quantification immediately before and after UV treatment, which takes only minutes, shows little reduction and often an increase in the microbial population since UV irradiation results in cells that are viable (i.e., still producing ATP) but not culturable. To overcome this, our biomass recovery method incorporates an incubation step to encourage life cycling of microbes. Average log reductions in cellular ATP (cATP) were found to be −0.28 ± 0.19, −0.011 ± 0.153, −0.17 ± 0.32, and 0.065 ± 0.074 using direct ATP measurements on UV-treated samples from WWTFs A, B, C, and D, respectively, while those using the recovery method were correspondingly 0.17 ± 0.34, 1.8 ± 0.8, 0.20 ± 0.35, and 0.72 ± 0.26. The response of the biomass recovery-ATP method indicated a significant direct correlation to the microbial population reduction observed in heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and Colilert® methods using both pure Escherichia coli culture and secondary municipal wastewater effluent.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it