Comparative Study with 89Y-foil and 89Y-pressed Targets for the Production of 89Zr †
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2 = 3.27 days) owns great potential in nuclear medicine, being extensively used in the labelling of antibodies and nanoparticules. 89Zr can be produced by cyclotron via an 89Y(p,n)89Zr reaction while using an 89Y-foil target. In this study, we investigated for the first time the use of 89Y-pressed target for the preparation of 89Zr-oxalate via a (p,n) reaction. We performed comparative studies with an 89Y-foil target mounted on custom-made target supports. A new automated cassette-based purification module was used to facilitate the purification and the fractionation of 89Zr-oxalate. The effective molar activity (EMA) was calculated for both approaches via titration with deferoxamine (DFO). The radionuclidic purity was determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy and the metal impurities were quantified by ICP-MS on the resulting 89Zr-oxalate solution. The cassette-based purification process leading to fractionation is simple, efficient, and provides very high EMA of 89Zr-oxalate. The total recovered activity was 81 ± 4% for both approaches. The highest EMA was found at 13.3 MeV and 25 μA for 0.25-mm thick 89Y-foil. Similar and optimal production yields were obtained at 15 MeV and 40 μA while using 0.50-mm thick 89Y-foil and pressed targets. Metallic impurities concentration was below the general limit of 10 ppm for heavy metals in the US and Ph.Eur for both 89Y-foil and pressed targets. Overall, these results show that the irradiation of 89Y-pressed targets is a very effective process, offering an alternative method for 89Zr production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".