A nematode retrotransposon in the common shrew: horizontal transfer between parasite and host
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Reports of horizontal transposon and gene transfers involving metazoan species has increased with the sequencing of their genomes. Horizontal transfer could be facilitated by the intimate relationship between a parasite and its hosts. To date, two studies have identified horizontal transfer of RTEs, a class of retrotransposable elements, involving parasites: ticks might act as vector for BovB between ruminants and squamates, and AviRTE was transferred between birds and parasitic nematodes. We wanted to know if parasitic nematodes are involved in other cases of horizontal transfer of RTEs. We searched 33 mSammalian RTEs in 81 nematode assemblies, and 10 nematode RTEs in 98 mammalian assemblies. We identified RTE1õ Sar from Sorex araneus , the common shrew, in parasitic nematodes and show that it originates from nematodes. To exclude contamination of the S. araneus assembly, we developed an approach that uses long reads and paired-end reads. With phylogenetic analysis and copy age estimation, we show that RTE1_Sar was horizontally transferred from nematodes to S. araneus . We confirm horizontal transfer of RTEs in host-parasite interactions, and we present a new method to distinguish between contamination and horizontal transfer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".