Effect of Na2O and B2O3 Addition on Nonlinear Electrical Properties of WO3-Based Capacitor–Varistors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
WO3-based varistors with added Na2O and B2O3 were synthesized by the solid-state reaction. The undoped and B2O3-doped WO3 ceramics exhibited weak nonlinear I–V characteristics. The nonlinear I–V characteristics of the ceramics increased slightly after the addition of Na2O and more significantly after the addition of Na2O and B2O3. The nonlinearity coefficients α of the WO3, Na0.005WO3, and Na0.005WO3–5 wt % B2O3 ceramics were 1.86, 2.03, and 5.22, respectively. The breakdown voltages of the WO3, Na0.005WO3, and Na0.005WO3–5 wt % B2O3 ceramics were 1.56, 6.05, and 12.42 V/cm, respectively. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the Na0.005WO3–5 wt % B2O3 ceramic were ~50–150 and less than 0.3, respectively, for frequencies ranging from 1 to 1000 kHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".