Optical fiber-driven low energy electron gun for ultrafast streak diffraction
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Here, we present an optical fiber-based electron gun designed for the ultrafast streaking of low-energy electron bunches. The temporal profile of the few tens of the picosecond long electron bunch composed of 200 electrons is well characterized using a customized streak camera. Detailed analysis reveals that the stretched optical trigger pulse owing to the dispersion effects inside the waveguide dominantly determines the temporal length of the low density electron bunch. This result illustrates the capability to control the observable time-window in the streak diffraction experiment by tailoring geometrical parameters of the fiber source and its coupling condition. With the electrostatic Einzel lens system integrated on the fiber-based cathode, we also demonstrate spatial focusing of the electron beam with the RMS spot size of 98 μm and imaging of the static low-energy electron diffraction pattern of monolayer graphene in the electron kinetic energy range of 1.0–2.0 keV.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it