Dissociating two forms of inhibition of return using temporal order judgments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inhibition of return (IOR) is an inhibitory aftereffect of visuospatial orienting, typically observed in the spatial cueing paradigm by way of slower responses to cued rather than uncued targets. Early work on IOR using temporal order judgments (TOJ; Posner, Rafal, Choate & Vaughan, 1985; Maylor, 1985; Klein, Schmidt & Muller, 1998) showed no effect on arrival time judgments, suggesting IOR is acting at a post-perceptual information processing stage, although at precisely what stage - attentional or motoric - has been quite contested (Taylor & Klein, 2000; Abrams & Dobkin, 1994; Ivanoff & Klein, 2006; Ivanoff, Klein & Lupianez, 2002). Recent work, however, suggests that there are two forms of IOR (Chica, Taylor, Lupianez & Klein, 2010; Hilchey, Klein & Satel, 2014; Klein & Redden, in press; Redden, Hilchey & Klein, 2016); one operating nearer the input end of the information processing continuum affecting the quality of inputs and the other nearer the output end affecting responding, whereby the type of effect that is manifest is contingent upon the activation state of the reflexive oculomotor system at the time the effect is generated. We tested this theory in a TOJ task, where subjects were required to either make a prosaccade (output form) or antisaccade (input form) after the onset a spatially uninformative peripheral cue, and subsequently execute a TOJ or speeded colour identification response. Both groups showed inhibited RT for colour probes presented at the cued location. We saw dissociable effects on colour identification depending on whether input or output IOR was generated. Furthermore, we found inhibited perceptual processing in the TOJ task when the input form was generated, but no effect on TOJs in the group that elicited the output form. These findings provide converging evidence that there are two forms of IOR: an input effect operating on a saliency map, and an output effect operating on a priority map. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".