Mortality and morbidity of extremely low birth weight infants in Hong Kong, 2010-2017: a single-centre review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants exhibit high rates of mortality and morbidity.We retrospectively assessed factors associated with mortality and morbidity among ELBW infants.Methods: Perinatal demographic data were reviewed for all ELBW infants born between 2010 and 2017 at a tertiary neonatal unit.Results: For non-survivors (21% of ELBW infants) and survivors, the median gestational ages were 24.1 and 26.2 weeks, respectively, and median birth weights were 650 g and 780 g, respectively (all P<0.001).Regression analyses showed that non-survival was positively associated with lower gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=6.71for every 1-week decrease; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.73-26.00;P=0.006) and grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage (aOR=29.23;95% CI=1.39-613.84;P=0.030); non-survival was negatively associated with the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (aOR=0.01;95% CI= <0.001-0.23;P=0.005); length of neonatal intensive care unit stay for survivors was positively associated with the presence of necrotising enterocolitis (B-coefficient=89.60;95% CI=43.86-135.34;P<0.001); and length of hospital stay for survivors was positively associated with the presence of necrotising enterocolitis (B-coefficient=2.08;95% CI=0.43-3.73;P=0.015) and a low Apgar score at 1 minute (B-coefficient= -0.63; 95% CI= -1.04 to -0.22; P=0.003). Conclusion: Extremely low birth weight infants Mortality and morbidity of extremely low birth weight infants in Hong Kong, 2010-2017: a singlecentre reviewNew knowledge added by this study • Extremely low birth weight infants in Hong Kong showed significant mortality and morbidity: there was no survival prior to 23.6 weeks' gestation or below 550 g birth weight in this series.• The presence of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage was independently associated with non-survival.• Survivors were significantly more likely to exhibit bronchopulmonary dysplasia.• Survivors with necrotising enterocolitis were significantly more likely to require longer stays in both the neonatal intensive care unit and hospital.Implications for clinical practice or policy • Parents in Hong Kong with extremely low birth weight infants should be counselled regarding expectations for infant survival and associated complications.• Hong Kong hospitals can modify their practices to support an increased rate of survival and decreased rate of complications among extremely low birth weight infants.• These findings may guide future neonatal health policy and funding in Hong Kong.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".