PW 2586 Safety in tow: pediatric traumatic brain injuries associated with stroller use
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An infant stroller is a wheeled vehicle to assist caregivers with transporting a young child. In Canada, carriages and stroller are regulated under the Consumer Product Safety Act, which outlines product specifications intended to ensure safety and security. This study seeks to identify and describe the detailed mechanisms of cases of pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI) related to strollers that were captured within the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP) database. Records entered into the eCHIRPP system with injury data between January 1, 2007 and July 17, 2017 were extracted for ages 0 to 4 years old. Traumatic brain injuries were identified based on nature of injury and body part codes. Stroller related injuries were identified using existing variable codes and text mining techniques, and location, mechanism, and admission to hospital were assessed. Descriptive statistics and text mining (PERL regular expressions) were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide version 5.1. The frequency of stroller related TBI have decreased over the past decade (p<0.001). A total of 1033 cases of stroller related head injury were identified (502 stroller related TBI cases/100,000 eCHIRPP records), with the majority occurring among children 1 year old and below (74.2%). Falls, tip-overs and runaways were the three leading mechanisms of injury. Other mechanisms included stroller issues related to the wheel of breaks, or with the child or guardian’s actions contributing to an injury. A safety mechanism (seatbelt) was confirmed to have been in use in 16.0% of TBI cases, and 3.8% of stroller TBI cases were admitted to hospital. Stroller related TBIs appear to be decreasing among eCHIRPP centres. Our findings support opportunities for injury prevention: through engineering changes to stroller standards, education about supervision and appropriate use of the stroller, and enforcement of safety regulations. While stroller related TBIs appear to be decreasing, there are opportunities for injury prevention. Findings from this and other studies should help to inform safety standards associated with stroller design and public awareness regarding appropriate stroller use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".