Evidence for Radiative‐Convective Bistability in Tropical Atmospheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Earth's energy balance requires that energy absorbed and emitted at the top of the atmosphere be equal; to first order this balance is maintained via the Planck feedback: outgoing longwave radiation increases as surface temperature increases. Failure of the Planck feedback to stabilize the climate is described by three generally independent phenomena: the super‐greenhouse effect, the runaway greenhouse, and multiple equilibria of radiative‐convective atmospheres. Here we use satellite observations and models to show that the existence of the super‐greenhouse gives rise to a radiative‐convective instability which is relevant to Earth's tropics. The super‐greenhouse is caused by the low troposphere becoming optically thick, causing a positive feedback on near surface temperature and moisture, driving deep convection, column moistening, and reduced outgoing longwave radiation. Aspects of the runaway greenhouse physics are implicated, but a local runaway greenhouse is avoided. These results have implications for understanding the response of the tropics to a warming world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".