Case series and systematic review of acquired diaphragmatic hernia after liver transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: ADH is a rare and potentially fatal complication following LT. In this study, a systematic review was completed to identify risk factors which may contribute to ADH. METHODS: Transplant databases at three LT programs were reviewed. Four pediatric and zero adult cases were identified. Next, a systematic review was completed. Fourteen studies describing 41 patients with ADH were identified. Patient demographics, transplant characteristics, and features of ADH diagnosis were examined. RESULTS: The majority (90.2%) of ADH were in children. In pediatric LT, 95.1% received a segmental allograft. ADH occurred in the right P diaphragm 92.7% of the time, and 87.8% were repaired primarily. Patient demographics, post-transplant complications, and immunosuppression regimens were broad and failed to predict ADH. Most patients presented with either respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. There were two pediatric deaths related to undiagnosed ADH. The combined worldwide incidence of ADH in pediatric LT is 1.5% (34/2319 patients). CONCLUSION: ADH is a rare complication post-LT that primarily occurs in pediatric recipients. When diagnosed early, ADH can be repaired primarily with good outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".