Crystal Chemistry of Three Volcanic K-rich Nepheline Samples From Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania and Mount Nyiragongo, Eastern Congo, Africa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural nepheline (Nph) samples are intermediate members of solid solutions that extend from the pure Na end-member Na[AlSiO4] to the pure K end-member K[AlSiO4] (= kalsilite, Kls). We examined two volcanic nepheline (ideally, K2Na6[Al8Si8O32] or Nph0.75Kls0.25) samples from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania (samples 1 and 2) and a third sample 3 from Mount Nyiragongo, Eastern Congo. The crystal structure of these three samples was obtained using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data and Rietveld structure refinements in space group P63. Satellite reflections were not observed in these samples. The EPMA composition of sample 1 is {K1.50Na0.19Ca0.070.23}Σ2(Na)6[Si8.35Al7.48Fe0.18]Σ16.00O32. The A site contains 0.23 vacancies () with some Na and Ca atoms, whereas the B site is completely filled with only Na atoms. From the EPMA formula, K(sof) = 0.844 and Na(sof) = 1.0. The refinement unit-cell parameters are a = 10.00247(1), c = 8.38396(1) Å, V = 726.431(1) Å3; K(sof) = 0.779(2) and Na(sof) = 0.988(2). The composition of sample 2 is {K1.670.33}Σ2(Na5.76K0.174Ca0.06)Σ6[Si8.44Al7.37Fe0.20]Σ16.01O32, so K(sof) = 0.835 and Na(sof) = 1.030. Sample 2 has a = 10.01769(2), c = 8.39586(2) Å, V = 729.678(1) Å3, K(sof) = 0.812(2), and Na(sof) = 0.995(2). Sample 3 is a three-phase (3a, 3b, 3c) intergrowth with an average formula of {K1.770.23}2(Na4.30K1.51Ca0.19)Σ6[Si8.13Al7.76Fe0.11]Σ16.00O32, K(sof) = 0.887, and Na(sof) = 1.208. A large amount of K and Ca atoms occur in the B site. Based on the weight percentages and sofs of the three phases, the Rietveld refinement gives an average K(sof) = 0.859 and Na(sof) = 1.145. The average distances indicate a high degree of Al-Si disorder in samples 1, 2, and phase 3b. These African samples extend natural nepheline solid solutions to about Nph0.55Kls0.45. The average distance increases linearly with Na(sof) and V across nepheline solid solutions because K atoms enter the Na site. K-rich nepheline seems to always contain vacancies in the A site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
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How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".