Time‐domain electromagnetic imaging of a clayey confining bed in a brackish environment: A case study in the Kairouan Plain Aquifer (Kelbia salt lake, Tunisia)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The semi‐arid Plio‐Quaternary aquifer of the Kairouan Plain is located in the central part of Tunisia. In this region, the main form of human activity is extensive agriculture. The few lithological logs in this area indicate that the aquifer is divided into two groundwater reservoirs separated by a confining clay layer. In the shallower groundwater reservoir, the electrical conductivity of the water is close to 1,200 mS/m, that is, 3 to 4 times higher than that of the deeper aquifer, which is currently used for irrigation. Recently, an increase in salinity has been observed, which is producing significant difficulties with irrigation. In order to determine the geometry of the confining clay layer and assess the potential connectivity between both reservoirs, time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and vertical electrical soundings surveys were carried out. In the extremely conductive environment (electrical resistivities <10 Ωm) of the Sebkha Kelbia, the TDEM survey produced the first geophysical map of this near‐surface aquifer system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".