Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article considers the extraordinary contributions of Larry E. Smith to English Linguistics and Language Pedagogy over a career spanning more than 40 years. The discussion initially shares personal reflections on Larry as an exceptional colleague, mentor, and friend in the community of world Englishes (WE) scholars. In helping establish this field of study and co‐founding the journal World Englishes, Larry had a profound impact on innumerable researchers around the world. He further provided the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) with invaluable leadership, marked by great integrity and a remarkable commitment to plurality and inclusion. The discussion next examines Larry's influential scholarship, focusing in particular on his paradigm of English as an International Auxiliary Language (EIAL), which recognized the broader social reality of English use around the world. The final section considers the legacy of Larry's work for future research, especially in light of critiques of the WE paradigm as marginalizing, arguing that it is necessary to critically address center‐periphery dynamics and tensions between extant English‐using speech communities. The article explores these center – periphery relationships, and revisits Kachru's (1990) Three Circles paradigm, which in fact recognizes plurality while simultaneously calling attention to those dynamics and tensions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.039 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".