2196. Effect of Depression, Anxiety, Stigma, and Disclosure on Quality of Life Among People Living with Hepatitis B Infection in Dalian, China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In China, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem with ~6% of the population chronically infected. We investigated the effect of depression, anxiety, stigma, and disclosure on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with chronic HBV infection (CHB) in Dalian city, Liaoning, China. Using a cross-sectional study design, 401 subjects with CHB were studied from January 2017 to September 2017. Study measures included Beck depression and anxiety inventory, WHOQOL-BREF, Toronto Chinese HBV Stigma Scale, and a questionnaire, which collected sociodemographic characteristic and disclosure of positive HIV status to sexual partners. The primary outcome was HRQoL score. A linear regression model examined the association between HRQoL and the potential risk factors including stigma, disclosure, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic factors. Stigma, disclosure, depression, and anxiety are the covariates of interest. Age, sex, education, medical insurance, cirrhosis, other chronic diseases, and years of diagnose were adjusted in the model. Majority of participants were males (251, 62.59%). married (37.41%), and completed high and middle school (67%). Four factors of Depression, anxiety, stigma and disclosure had negative associated with QOL physical, psychological, social and environmental domains (P < 0.05) among CHB patients. Depression was the independent factor significant negative associated with HRQoL (P < 0.0001). Patients’ age had a significantly negative association with HRQOL in the psychological domain (P = 0.0083). Patients”education level had a significantly positive association with HRQOL for all four domains. Our study is the first time to evaluate psychosocial factors affecting the HRQOL among people living with CHB in Dalian. Depression significantly affects the HRQOL among people living with CHB in Dalian, China warranting the urgent need for screening, early diagnosis, and implementation and integration of psychological interventions as part of routine care. All authors: No reported disclosures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".