A - 05The Effects of Sleep Apnea on Cognitive Deficits in Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Evaluating sleep apnea’s contribution to declining general cognitive and executive functioning in Alzheimer’s disease. Method: Data analyzed was derived from a de-identified database of participants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). The current study consisted of 1,009 diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease participants, aged 65 and older (55.6% female, 86.5% Caucasian, MEd = 16.71 years, SDEd = 11.91 years) divided into three groups: 1) no prior history of sleep apnea, 2) current sleep apnea, and 3) sleep apnea in remission. All participants completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Trail Making Test. Results: Results derived from a MANOVA demonstrated a significant overall effect for the model at α = .05, Wilk’s λ = .987, F(6,2008) = 2.239, p = .037. No significant differences were found between participants without a history of sleep apnea and those with sleep apnea in remission. Participants with current sleep apnea obtained significantly lower Trails B scores than did participants without a history of sleep apnea. Conclusions: Poor sleep is a risk factor for both cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. However, research has yet to explain the nature and extent of impairment that poor sleep has on cognition in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. The current study revealed that participants with sleep apnea demonstrated poorer executive functioning. This deficit can significantly impact one’s functional capability, as executive functioning mediates abilities such as planning, organization, and emotional control. Complications of sleep apnea are regrettable, considering its effects are treatable. Future studies should explore the benefit of early corrective treatment of sleep apnea in alleviating cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".