Bianisotropic Huygens’ Metasurface Pairs for Nonlocal Power-Conserving Wave Transformations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bianisotropic Huygens’ metasurfaces are subwavelength thin surfaces that have been used to achieve wide-angle reflectionless refraction of plane waves, among other applications. These metasurfaces can realize any wave transformation, with a lossless and passive structure, provided that local power is conserved over the metasurface at every point. However, there are numerous practical wave transformations that satisfy total power conservation, but break this local power conservation requirement, such as antenna beamforming. In this letter, a method for realizing these wave transformations using a pair of cascaded bianisotropic Huygens’ metasurfaces is proposed. A summation of plane waves is assumed between the two metasurfaces, and their coefficients are obtained based on the stipulated input and output waves. Finally, a case study of converting a cylindrical wave to a truncated plane wave is presented with full-wave simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".