Cleavage of double bond using metal‐loaded ZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts for renewable biochemical application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the use of mesoporous metal‐loaded ZSM‐5 zeolites for efficient cleavage of C═C double bonds for renewable biochemical applications. In the presence of a benign H 2 O 2 , these catalysts exhibited the high catalytic activities for oxidation of double bonds in styrene and fatty acids. Selective oxidation of styrene forming benzaldehyde was first studied using mesoporous Cr/ZSM‐5 zeolite as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity in the cleavage of the double bond. Oxidation of double bonds in some typical fatty acids such as oleic, erucic, and linoleic acids was carried out subsequently following the model reaction. The mesoporous Cr/ZSM‐5 zeolite showed a high conversion yield of styrene (over 85 % after 6 h reaction at 70 °C) and high selectivity for benzaldehyde (over 74 %) as well as a high conversion yield of cleavage of double bond in fatty acids. To enhance the activity of the catalyst, tungsten transition metal was loaded on the Cr/ZSM‐5 particles. The mesoporous W‐Cr/ZSM‐5 zeolite was then applied as a catalyst for oxidative cleavage of several fatty acids for the generation of useful, low molecular weight chemicals from renewable natural resources. The results showed that the mesoporous W‐Cr/ZSM‐5 zeolite provided a higher conversion of fatty acids but lower selectivity in aldehyde type products than the mesoporous Cr/ZSM‐5 zeolite. The influences of reaction conditions such as reaction time and temperature on the efficiency of oxidation were also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".