Effect of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation on turkey performance and immune cell parameters in a coccidial infection model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the effects of 25-OH cholecalciferol supplementation to turkeys on the immune cells parameters, fecal coccidial oocyst shedding, macrophage nitric oxide production, T regulatory cell cytokine production, and production parameters during a coccidial challenge. A total of 200 1-day-old turkey poults were supplemented with 27.5, 55, 82.5, or 110 μg/kg 25-OH cholecalciferol and challenged or not challenged with coccidial oocysts in a 4 × 2 factorial set up of treatments. Birds fed 110 μg/kg of 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst had 41% lower (P < 0.05) fecal oocyst and 53% higher (P < 0.05) macrophage nitric oxide production than the birds fed 27.5 μg/kg of 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst at 5 d post-coccidial infection. Birds fed 82.5 μg/kg 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst had 5-fold higher (P < 0.05) IL-1 mRNA amounts than the birds fed 27.5 μg/kg of 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst. Birds fed 110 μg/kg 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst had 5.3-fold higher (P < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA amounts than the birds fed 27.5 μg/kg of 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst at 5 d post-coccidial infection. CD4+CD25+ cells from birds fed 110 μg of 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst had 12-fold higher (P < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA than that from the birds fed 27.5 μg/kg of 25-OH cholecalciferol and infected with coccidial oocyst. In conclusion, supplementing birds with 101 μg/kg 25-OH cholicalciferol decreases coccidial oocyst shedding in the feces and could be a nutritional strategy to reduce the coccidial infection and spread in turkeys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".