Overexpression of a <i>Malus baccata</i> WRKY transcription factor gene (<i>MbWRKY5</i>) increases drought and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are widely involved in abiotic stress responses in plants. However, their roles in the abiotic stresses of Malus plants are still not well known. In this study, a WRKY gene is isolated from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. and designated as MbWRKY5. MbWRKY5 contains two WRKY domains and one Cys 2 -His 2 (C 2 H 2 ) zinc-finger motif, and was localized in the nucleus. The expression levels of MbWRKY5 were up-regulated by salinity, heat, cold, drought, and abscisic acid treatments in M. baccata seedlings. When MbWRKY5 was introduced into tobacco, an improvement in tolerance to drought and salt was achieved in transgenic plants. Under drought and salt treatments, transgenic plants had higher contents of chlorophyll, proline, glutathione, and ascorbate, and increased activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) than wild-type (WT) tobaccos. Compared with WT plants, overexpression of MbWRKY5 in transgenic tobacco also led to decreased levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under drought and salt stresses. Moreover, the MbWRKY5-OE tobaccos increased the expression levels of stress-related genes involved in oxidative stress response (NtPOD, NtSOD and NtCAT) and membrane protection (NtLEA5, NtERD10D, and NtP5CS), especially under drought and salt stresses. These results suggest that the MbWRKY5 gene plays a positive regulatory role in drought and salt stress responses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it