“Biowheel-Axle” Assembly of β-Cyclodextrin Fitted onto Bile Acid Units Linked by PEG Spacers through Inclusion Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A “biowheel-axle” assembly of polyrotaxanes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) threaded onto bile acid moieties linked by a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer of tunable length was prepared through an “inclusion polymerization” approach. The bile acid-diamine derivatives were allowed to first form inclusion complexes with β-CD and then polymerized with PEG-dicarbonate, followed by end-capping with a stopper of monoamino-β-CD, resulting in “biowheels” of β-CD with PEGylated bile acids as the axle in tandem. All steps were performed without the use of catalysts. The complexation between β-CD and bile acid units of the polymer chain was confirmed by the 2D NOESY NMR technique and powder X-ray diffraction, showing 85% of bile acid units entered the cavity of β-CD. The change of PEG spacer length from 45 to 6 ethylene glycol units led to a flexible–rigid conformation transition of the polyrotaxanes, supported by the random and straight orientation of the “biowheels” shown by scanning tunneling microscopy images. The control of the conformation helps to tune the property of the polyrotaxanes. The “biowheel-axle” assembly constructed from such a natural host–guest pair may also lead to the further exploration of bio-related applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".