Regional Peacekeeping and the Transformation of Nigerian Foreign Policy, 1990-2000: A Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the 1990s, Nigeria mobilised West African states to international peacekeeping missions in Liberia and Sierra Leone under the auspices of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG). The initiative did not only become a model for other regional organisations across the globe, it also placed Nigeria in a more influential position in international conflict management, especially within Africa. But while the scheme helped Nigeria to score some marks in international conflict management, it, however, left significant impression on the nation’s foreign policy. It is on the above premise, therefore, that this article examines how and why Nigeria’s participation in conflict resolution within West Africa was influential to its foreign policy perception, goal and strategy between 1990 and 2000. The study is approached through the historical inquiry. While the impact of the regional peacekeeping programme on Nigeria’s foreign policy is acknowledged, the paper, however, concludes that the emerging post-Cold War international order and political leadership in Nigeria were the considerable factors, which presented the opportunities for such imprint to be registered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".