OC21.05: The added value of postmortem ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal brain abnormalities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare antenatal ultrasound findings with postmortem ultrasound and neuropathological results. Postmortem sonography of the brain was performed in 48 fetuses, with neuropathological examination in 40 cases. Postmortem MRI scans were obtained in 6 cases. Images and autopsy findings were assigned a score from 0 to 3. Data collected included gestational age; hours from fetocide to autopsy; hours in utero; time from delivery to postmortem imaging or autopsy, and postmortem MRI results. Postmortem ultrasound and neuropathological examination confirmed normal brain anatomy in 16 cases. Neuropathological findings were inconclusive in 6/24 fetuses. In all six, ultrasound provided additional information and confirmatory evidence of the antenatal diagnosis. Postmortem sonography and MRI agreed in all cases. There was disagreement between prenatal sonographic diagnosis, postmortem imaging, and neuropathological findings in 11 fetuses. In 6 cases, this was due to lack of confirmation of ventriculomegaly. Using a paired samples t-test, there was a significant change in size of the lateral ventricles between prenatal and postmortem scans (t = -4.5, df = 22, p = 0.0002). The median score for normal brains was 2.5and for abnormal brains was 2.0. There was no significant correlation between postmortem ultrasound and autopsy scores, and gestational age; hours from fetocide to autopsy; hours in utero; and time from delivery to postmortem imaging and/or autopsy. Postmortem ultrasound examination of the fetal brain is a method of confirming antenatal diagnoses, except in most cases of ventriculomegaly. In 25% of cases, it provides additional information to neuropathological examination. Corroboration of antenatal sonographic findings of ventriculomegaly is difficult using both postmortem sonography and pathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".