Wrist and Finger Gesture Recognition With Single-Element Ultrasound Signals: A Comparison With Single-Channel Surface Electromyogram
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the ability to detect volumetric changes of contracting muscles, ultrasound (US) was a potential technique in the field of human-machine interface. Compared to the US imaging (B-mode US), the signal from a static single-element US transducer, A-mode US, was a more cost-effective and convenient way toward the real-world application, particularly the wearables. This study compared the performance of the single-channel A-mode US with single-channel surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals, one of the most popular signal modalities for wrist and finger gesture recognition. We demonstrated that A-mode US outperformed sEMG in six out of nine gestures recognition, while sEMG was superior to A-mode US on the detection of the rest state. We also demonstrated that, through feature space analysis, the advantage of A-mode US over sEMG for gesture recognition was due to its superior ability in detecting information from deep musculature. This study presented the clear complementary advantages between A-mode US and sEMG, indicating the possibility of fusing two signal modalities for the gesture recognition applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".