Quantification of deep drainage flux and drainage water quality characterization below the root zone of a short rotation coppice of willow and poplar receiving municipal treated wastewater irrigation in the lower foothills natural subregion of Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Short rotation coppice is a type of bio-energy that involves the management of woody species to be harvested for energy purposes. Short rotation coppice in combination with municipal treated wastewater irrigation offers various benefits, mainly a low cost form of both nutrients and irrigation water. However, wastewater contains plant essential nutrients that can impact groundwater if the systems are mismanaged, i.e. nitrate. To prevent soil salinization from occurring in the root zone, a leaching fraction (LF) is applied. Leaching fraction is the fraction of surface infiltrated water that drains past the root zone. The research objectives involve quantifying and qualifying drainage in a fine textured soil below a SRC with wastewater irrigation system. Drainage was estimated under the wastewater irrigated soil and non-irrigated soil (control) using two methods, the soil water balance and a model based on the chloride mass balance by Rose et al (1979). The drainage in 2010 and 2011 using the water balance was -9.2 and 28 cm, respectively, and the model results were -18.5 and 11.7 cm, respectively. Drainage quality was monitored over 2010 and 2011 for nitrate-N, orthophosphate-P and other solutes using soil solution samplers and a transport model by Schoups and Hopmans (2002). Solute loading rates to groundwater were greater under the wastewater irrigated soil than the control. Nitrate-N in the soil solution at 150 cm below ground surface for both monitoring years never exceeded either the potable water guidelines (10 mg L-1), however, these years had relatively low irrigation amounts and the Schoups and Hopman (2002) model predicted soil solution nitrate-N concentration in exceedance of potable water guidelines at LF’s above about 0.55. Based on the findings from this research, it is recommended to use a LF between 0.2 and 0.5 to protect groundwater users, prevent soil salinization and utilize the large supply of municipal treated wastewater available.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".