P2‐339: MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD‐MCI) AND MCI ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD‐MCI) HAVE DISTINCT COGNITIVE PROFILES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given the neuropathological differences between the degenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), early cognitive impairment in the two diseases may manifest differently. However, no studies have compared the longitudinal profile of cognitive domains between mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) and AD (AD-MCI). We sought to investigate how cognitive profiles of the two groups differ at baseline and change over one year. Fifty-nine AD-MCI and 65 PD-MCI participants were recruited from a specialist outpatient memory clinic in Singapore and underwent full neuropsychological assessments at baseline and at a one year follow-up. Diagnoses were made by cognitive neurologists based on the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) criteria for PD-MCI and NIA-AA criteria for AD-MCI. Baseline cognitive scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, controlling for gender, age, and education, and corrected for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Bonferroni sequential correction. To assess changes in cognitive scores, 1.5 SD cut offs based on local norms were used to classify improvement and decline in performance. PD-MCI and AD-MCI participants performed similarly on tests of global cognition such as the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and on specific sub-domain measures of episodic memory, and language. However, PD-MCI performed worse than AD-MCI participants on measures of attention (Color Trails 1; p =.010), working memory (Digit Span Backward; p < .000), and executive functioning (Color Trails 2; p =.045). Compared to baseline, AD-MCI were significantly more likely than PD-MCI to experience a decline in attention (29% and 16%, respectively; p = .039), while a decline in executive function was more likely in PD-MCI (12%) than AD-MCI (5%) after one year (p = .043). A proportion of both groups showed improved attention, with a greater proportion of PD-MCI (57%) than AD-MCI (40%) showing improvements (p = .022). Despite similar global cognition scores, PD-MCI displayed greater executive dysfunction than AD-MCI, and different trajectories of domain-specific cognitive decline, suggesting that diagnosis and treatment of MCI in the two groups should be pathology-specific. Furthermore, the improvements in attention in PD-MCI patients may indicate a reversible component of cognitive impairment and warrants further investigation .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".