Physical properties of oil-particle aggregate (OPA)-containing sediments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sediments composed of oil-particle aggregates (OPAs) have unique physical characteristics. These in situ deposited sediments develop at locations where a continual or nearly continual discharge of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) have occurred, or are occurring through time. The NAPL discharged into the surface water body interacts with suspended particles in the water column. The particles adhere to the suspended NAPL, which generally is in the form of a bead, and produce a discrete aggregate. As the aggregate grows in response to additional particle adherence, the density of the unit increases and deposition occurs. The resulting sediment consists of a collection of discrete OPAs that form a network with small pores, where oil is tightly bound and/or contained. Porosity, water content, and dry bulk density measurements indicate the sediment formed by OPA deposition is physically unique. Although the sediment consists of a very open pore structure, the pore openings are relatively small, typically being less than 5 microns in diameter. These small pores inhibit fluid movement. Results of physical property testing suggest the OPA structure is retained upon deposition. Although the sediment contains NAPL, this original OPA structure inhibits the oil beads from coalescing, which would enable NAPL flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".