Land Transfer and the Political Sociology of Community: The Case of a Chinese Village
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Land assembly by various semi-legal and coercive means is universal. Assembling land into large holdings for commercial agriculture is a basic step in the process of modernization and is well documented historically in the literature on agrarian change. Knowledge of the China experience however, is scant, although land transfer (the assembly of land-use rights by outside capital) is currently unfolding at a rapid pace. This paper contributes a case of a rural community in Southwest China in which partial land assembly has taken place. Land transfer denotes the process by which land is assembled for agricultural purposes and differs from land expropriation for public goods such as roads and railways. Unlike land expropriation, in this case, land transfer tends to proceed in a passive manner and raises the question of old and new forms of authority producing moral forms of persuasion that most peasant households cannot resist. This smooth form of land transfer may not be the only way to concentrate rural land for large-scale commercial agriculture, for exceptional violent cases can also be found. However, it does represent numerous land transfer cases that are not well-documented because they lack the dramatic effects to catch media and academic attention. The dual pressures from the subtle state support and the delicate manipulation of social norms contribute to the establishment of commercial agriculture and wherein peasants become laborers on their own land in a reshaped community. Keywords: land transfer, resistance, rural elites, community development, China ------------------------------------------------------ Le Transfert de Terres et la Solciologie Polititique de la Communauté: Le Cas d'un Village Chinois Le regroupement de terrains par plusieurs moyens coercitifs et semi-légaux est universel. Le regroupement de terrains en grandes exploitations à des fins d'agriculture commerciale est une étape de base dans le processus de modernisation et est bien documenté historiquement dans la littérature des changements agraires. Cependant, la connaissance de l'expérience chinoise est faible même si le regroupement de terrains (le rassemblement des droits d'utilisation du sol par les capitaux étrangers) se déroule actuellement à un rythme soutenu. Cet article contribue au cas d'une communauté rurale du sud-ouest de la Chine dans laquelle un regroupement de terrains partiel a été mis en place. Le transfert de terrains dénote le processus par lequel la terre est assemblée à des fins agricoles et il diffère de l'expropriation de terrain de biens publics tels que les routes et les chemins de fer. À la différence de l'expropriation de terrain, dans ce cas, le transfert de terrain tend à continuer passivement et à soulever la question des anciennes et nouvelles formes d'autorité produisant des formes morales de persuasion auxquelles la plupart des familles paysannes ne peuvent résister. Cette manière douce de transfert des terres pourrait ne pas être la seule méthode de concentration des terres rurales pour l'agriculture à grande échelle puisque des cas exceptionnels de violence ont été trouvés. Cependant, cela représente de nombreux cas de transfert de terres qui ne sont pas bien documentés parce qu'ils omettent l'aspect important d'attirer l'attention des médias et du milieu académique. La double pression du support étatique subtile et de la délicate manipulation des normes sociales contribue à l'établissement d'une agriculture commerciale dans laquelle les paysans deviennent des ouvriers sur leur propre terre, dans une communauté réorganisée.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.025 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".