Millimetre‐wave antenna with tilted beam for future base station applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel flexible and reconfigurable pattern antenna, integrated with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface, operating in the 29–31 GHz millimetre‐wave frequency band, is proposed. The designed antenna is a modified Yagi‐Uda antenna that uses as directors loop diamond shapes, allowing the bending of the structure in an easy way at high frequencies. The AMC structure is also composed of an array of diamond loops, printed on a grounded dielectric substrate without vias. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model that allows the estimation of the resonant frequency and reflection coefficient phase of the AMC is presented. Using a flexible substrate in designing the proposed AMC antenna, different beam‐tilting angles can be obtained. Moreover, multiple pattern configurations are studied. The performance of the proposed AMC antenna is measured for flat and curved configurations. The maximum beam‐tilting angle is obtained for the curved AMC antenna configuration and is equal to +32° towards the + z direction with a realised gain of 12.1 dBi. Additionally, a beam‐tilting in the ± z elevation plane is achieved by integrating a single pole, double throw switching system. This method eliminates the complex steering system that uses phase shifters, which is traditional for the targeted applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".