CFD Analysis of Supercritical-Water Flow and Heat Transfer in Vertical Bare Tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper CFD analyses of mixed convection in bare tubes cooled with water at supercritical pressure is presented. The study was carried out using the FLUENT code for upward flow in vertical tubes with a heated length of 4 m and an inside diameter of 10 mm at relatively low water mass flux (G ≈500 kg/m2s) and heat fluxes q (from 239 to 310 kW/m2). Various models of turbulence have been tested. The results of the studies demonstrated a reasonable good agreement between CFD predictions and experimental data on the heat transfer coefficient and internal-wall temperature with use the SST turbulence model. Comparison of the CFD simulation data, which correspond to the presence or absence of the buoyancy forces, was performed. The regularities of the influence of these forces on the damping of turbulent transport, the deformation of the radial profiles of velocity and temperature along the channel length, the reduction of the heat transfer coefficients, etc. were studied. The features of the motion of the pseudo-phase transition within various conditions are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".