Capacitive Divider Based Passive Start-up Methods for Flying Capacitor Step-down DC-DC Converter Topologies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces two methods for limiting the voltage stress during start-up across switches of multi-level flying capacitor (ML-FC) step-down dc-dc converters. For a general N-level converter, the presented methods reduce the voltage stress to (N-1) times lower value than that of a conventional buck, allowing lower voltage rating transistors with smaller specific on-resistances to be used. These methods require no active control of switches on initial start-up and rely on segmentation of the input filter capacitor or the utilization of flying capacitors as part of voltage dividers. The speed of these schemes is limited only by the size of the flying capacitor, parasitics in the conduction pathway, and the quality of the start-up diode and the low side switch body diodes. The methods have been verified on a 3-level buck 24V-to-5V, 20W prototype, with input voltage rise times of less than 1µs showing the effectiveness of the start-up circuits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".