Effects of Foreign Debt and Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Somalia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims to assess the effects of foreign debt and foreign aid on economic growth in Somalia from 1970 to 2014. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method was used and basic model assumption tests were also employed. We used the Augmented Dickey−Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Perron (PP) tests for the unit root and the Johansen cointegration test to determine the long-run relationship between the variables. The results of the study show that, in Somalia, foreign debt has an insignificant effect on economic growth, while the foreign aid has positive significant effect on economic growth. The results also indicate that the cointegration method confirms the incidence of long-run association among the variables. There is little research regarding the exact relationship between increasing foreign debt and foreign aid on economic growth in Somalia. This study is also different from previous studies as we used ADF and PP tests for the unit root and the Johansen cointegration test for the long-run relationship between the variables. Additionally, the study used multivariate techniques. The paper concludes that foreign aid is essential in economic growth and several policy implications are proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".