Optical study of supersonic jet structure in atmospheric plasma spraying
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents the results of optical studies of supersonic plasma flows of the DC plasma torch PNK-50 using shadow (schlieren) diagnostics, traditional video-registration using narrow-band light filters and spectrometry. The operation of a plasma torch with de Laval (convergent-divergent) nozzle of a critical section diameter of 6 mm was studied, in the gas flow range 5.25÷10.5 g /s (260-520 slpm), arc current 140-230 A, in the initial section of the 100 mm jet. Air is used as the plasma-forming gas. The use of the system of shadow diagnostics made it possible to reveal the turbulent structure of the plasma flow, to determine the angle of the jet opening, and also the thickness of the boundary layer of a gas flow impinging on a flat surface (substrate with a diameter of 25 mm). Video registration of the supersonic jet made it possible to visualize the shock structure of the flow, including up to 7-8 shock waves (“Mach disks” or “shock diamonds”). It is established that the injection of the sprayed powder into the supersonic flow has little effect on its gas-dynamic structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".