Monitoring for Potentially Induced Seismicity in the St. Lawrence Valley of Quebec, Canada, during the Hydraulic Fracturing Operations of 2006–2010
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| October 31, 2018 Monitoring for Potentially Induced Seismicity in the St. Lawrence Valley of Quebec, Canada, during the Hydraulic Fracturing Operations of 2006–2010 Maurice Lamontagne Maurice Lamontagne aGeological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E8, maurice.lamontagne@canada.ca Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Maurice Lamontagne aGeological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E8, maurice.lamontagne@canada.ca Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 31 Oct 2018 Online Issn: 1938-2057 Print Issn: 0895-0695 © Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2019) 90 (1): 429–445. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180041 Article history First Online: 31 Oct 2018 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Maurice Lamontagne; Monitoring for Potentially Induced Seismicity in the St. Lawrence Valley of Quebec, Canada, during the Hydraulic Fracturing Operations of 2006–2010. Seismological Research Letters 2018;; 90 (1): 429–445. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180041 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT This article examines a possible link between hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations and the earthquakes recorded in the St. Lawrence Valley (SLV) between Montreal and Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Between November 2006 and July 2010, HF operations were conducted in 18 different wells to evaluate the shale gas potential of the local Utica shales.For earthquakes between years 2006 and 2012, we considered the distances between the HF wells and the epicenters and the time differences between the end of HF activity and the origin times of earthquakes. In addition, Rayleigh (Rg) phases were interpreted as an indicator of a shallow source. It was found that only three shallow focus earthquakes were within 15 km of HF wells. Shallow tectonic earthquakes are rare occurrences in the SLV (5% of cases), but a shallow source does not necessarily indicates that the event was induced by HF operations. The time interval between the end of HF operations and the occurrence of these earthquakes varied between 298 (0.81 yr) and 1348 days (3.75 yrs), making a connection very unlikely, especially when the small cumulative volume of fluids that was injected is considered. In conclusion, the HF operations in the SLV were not connected to any detectable induced seismicity (IS). You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".